Abortion Personal Choice or Ethical Decision Argumentative Essays

According to Bruce N. Waller, a professor of philosophy in his book has managed to give us the general readings on ethics that affect our challenges in society. This book gives the reader an idea of what is right morally and what is wrong hence giving one the chance of seeking the values needed in handling debates over things like abortion. According to him, abortion is an immoral act that should be discouraged especially among the young children who are still developing. Various ethics and morals have been discussed in depth to give the readers a clear and conscience information on how to handle these issues when they present themselves (Waller, 2007). A person’s moral standard defines his/her personal traits of character whereas ethics (family, social, company, professional, and professional) of an individual stresses the social systems by which his/her moral are being applied on. Hence, a person’s ethics clearly states the codes of behavior expected of him by his group. In most countries in the globe, abortion has been legalized thus medically it is ethical, but many find it to be immoral at a personal level. Fundamentalists, extremists, and theist of the mainstream all have a different thought of morality influencing each one’s life, through legal discriminations and pressures from the social environment. Debates arising from abortion give focus to the politics and laws of the country: should it be banned and given the same treatment as murder cases, or should it remain as a personal and legal choice made available to women in countries. Laws of the country are based on the values of the morals but with abor tion cases, it should be a legislative morality. In Canada, abortion is on high demand whereas in Nicaragua it is illegal. This practice has led to violence acts use escalating in countries. A woman who decides to carry out an abortion should give specific reasons as to why they are carrying out the act. Once the egg of the woman is fertilized by the sperm, then the product becomes a fetus that is a living thing and should be treated as so. Many individuals argue that the fetus is not a human being since it is not fully developed, but scientifically the fetus is a human being thus has rights. Women should not be given the authority to choose between sparing the fetus and killing it since majority of them will choose the latter. A woman who consented to engage in sexual activities and did not use the contraception’s properly knows that her chances of getting pregnant are high thus should not carry out an abortion since nobody forced her to sex. The women who are given a leeway to carry out an abortion are those who were brutally raped by unknown persons or those whom have complications. Moreover, the fetus has rights and the parent should be in a position to find t he balance against the mother’s rights (Baird Rosenbaum, 1993). Pregnancy means that a living being is growing in the womb. Whether or not the fetus is completely formed or not, and if the State decides to take part in the decision process concerning legalizing abortion or not, the woman has been given some ethical obligations to the developing fetus and thus she needs to protect it from any dangers that are bound to come its way. This obligation is enough a reason as to why abortion should be limited to those situations that qualify it to be ethically right. A fetus is like a baby and the ability to kill something close to it should be avoided at all times by women in the globe. It is not ethical or humane to commit murder since we all need to be given the chance and opportunity to enjoy this world. The woman should ask herself the same question: what if my mother aborted me? Anyway, it is a personal choice to be made and nobody, even the father of the unborn baby should interfere with the decision making process. Autonomy is an issue of ethical necessity that has brought many controversies when it comes to abortion. Women argue that it is their personal choice to make on whether to terminate or continue with the pregnancy. Whether the fetus has been fully formed, they claim that they have a personal and bodily autonomy and prefer that the society give regard to their ethics, democracy, and freedom in all areas of their lives. Ignorant women have decided to take matters into their hands and have gone to the extent of performing crude abortion methods that have jeopardized their health and that of the developing fetus. There are times when the abortion process backfires leaving the woman permanently disabled or unable to conceive children. Today, most of the teenage girls are scared of getting pregnant which has forced them to take contraceptive tools that have endangered their lives. A large group of girls in the U.S. have been exposed to these pills at a very tender age, which has led to their imbalance of hormones and attack, by diseases due to their weak immune systems, which have been exposed to many chemicals that have lowered their metabolism rates. The immune system should not be exposed to foreign chemicals, as it will cause damage to the whole body. Girls need to be educated on the importance of taking precaution when engaging in sexual activities at an early age. Every sexual activity performed has consequences that the parties should be ready to accommodate hence if they get pregnant they should be responsible and care for the unborn baby and hence should carry the pregnancy to term. Ethically, it is wrong for a woman to give preference to her career and not her unborn child. The personal choice for women carrying out abortions is that they want to progress in their professions and need no destructions. The time they were making the baby it was all sweet, no complains, but now that it is going to give them some responsibilities, they are trying to escape. Personal choices vary in women. Some say that they want to enjoy life; others say that they are not ready to be mothers while there are some who fear what their friends will say. Personal choices should be made by women bearing in mind that it is going to haunt them in future and thus the reasons of performing the act should be genuine and crucial as advised by physicians. Those women who qualify to carry out an abortion are those who have a medical history that allows them not to have a baby or if they decide to have it, they will need to be hospitalized for the whole period. Pregnancies that threaten the mothe r’s life associate the mother a right to life other than her right to integrity of the body and personal choices. However, it is not ethical to force women to carry to term pregnancies that are unwanted because they are not going to care for them. This may force them to mistreat them and thus it will not be fair to let them have the child and as such those who know they are not going to be good mothers in future, need to make the most open and ethical choice (Kaczor, 2010). The nature of the person is also another reason that forces the woman and man to consent to carrying out an abortion. When a person is mentally sane, it is advisable to carry out an abortion in order to free the infant the dangers involved with such people. A mad woman can decide to perform a dissection to see what is in the womb among other crazy things like piercing the belly with sharp objects especially those times when the baby is moving in the womb. Those women who lack the proper means and ways of caring for the unborn child will be left with no other choice, but commit abortion in order to avoid stealing from other people who have mouths to feed. Given the above reasons, it becomes evident that a personal choice should be made concerning abortion (Bender, 1991). Politics have regarded abortion as the privacy right surrounding women thus the time/period and how the regulation of abortion is imposed by the authority all depends on the country. Sovereign countries have not spelled their privacy rights in their constitutions, but since they are democratic, it becomes a functional foundation. Habeas corpus provision gives individuals the guarantee of freedom right from interference by the arbitrary government and the process law, which is due. The English common laws operate in most countries giving rise to the privacy right through Reception Acts. Ethically, abortion involves discrimination on the unborn baby. Philosophers argue that those who define reference right to life with particular interests on the levels of physical developments maintain that these characteristics are relevant morally. In addition to this, deprivation of the fetus right to life through abortion does not give it the chance to experience the bright future that was ahead of it. The future of any individual is expected to have valuable experiences that are desired by many, activities, projects with others, and fun times with friends, family, and society at large. Abortion is seen as killing a human being who was bound to have all this and more when they matured later in life (Watkins, 2005). Several critiques have argued that the reasoning of different individuals follows several threads where others are rejecting the personality identity grounds since they don’t agree that the fetus has the same entity as a fully developed adult hence their future are not the same in any way. Others agree that the developing fetus is like the adult, but being deprived of its life in future is not harmful since their psychological connections between it and the fully developed adult are few. Other critiques have raised the issue of abortion bringing about inequalities in the manner in which the abortion should be conducted. They say that there are those fetuses that are brighter than others are and need to be spared while those who are weak need to be done away with. This is morally wrong since all beings are God’s creation and need to be treated as so (Kaczor, 2010). It is wrong to ethically carry out an abortion in the Christian religion and thus women and men should consider their decisions before completing the process (Wenz, 1992). Â  Abortion is an act that involves killing of another human being, which is not right since it is the Lord who has a right to take and give life to us. Carrying out an abortion should not be taken lightly since it entails many activities like washing of the stomach, which is a painful process. It also involves the insertion of injections into the stomach and breaking the fetus into pieces then sucking the blood clot, which is the developing baby (Rice, 2000). Hardships and deprivations are some of the reasons of social problems and why people engage in immoral acts like abortion. This is a eugenic approach since individuals are trying to limit the number of children they should have rather than them addressing poverty and bad housing, which has been faced by mothers in different societies, regions, and countries. Many of the people in the society became poor because they bore too many children yet they could not care for them and not because the society had not given them, the resources they need. Britain is now looking for a birth control plan that is going to reduce the number of poor families and a validity covering legal abortion to limit those unwanted children in the nation (Watkins, 2005). Traditionally, it was a taboo for women to carry out an abortion since people valued children. Nowadays, there are traditional medicines administered to mothers who have committed an abortion. In our contemporary society also, abortion is not to be seen by doctors, makers of the policies, or women as it was seen within the social engineering tradition. The abortion provisions are only limited to meet the woman’s request for they do not want to be pregnant. In order to reduce the numbers of those children born with abnormalities in the society, women are advised by their physicians to undergo an abortion since the fetus has abnormalities. The personal choice also comes in situations like this because unless the pregnant woman consents there will be no abortion even if the fetus has abnormalities and poses grave danger to the mother and the state which is saved from the costs involved in caring for the child (Bender, 1991). Antenatal type of screening benefits the woman and is c onducted upon her request only. It is better for a child to have a healthy growth than to spend most of its time in and out of hospitals curing different kinds of ailments due to its weak immune system and abnormality. The society will also be burdened by the costs involved in caring for the child hence women who are pregnant with abnormal fetuses should consider carrying out an abortion (Cozic Stacey, 2000). In conclusion, women should be given the right to exercise their expression on humanity by being given the chance to make their own life decisions. This will give an implication that their moral worth and autonomy is respected in the society without questioning their conscience. Decisional autonomy and privacy of personal life should not be considered as a criminal law, but an act of upholding quality of life for beings in the society. The pregnant women should be given the chance and space to make their own decisions regarding the abortion issue hence at no point should anyone interfere. Abortion is an act that should be considered carefully since complications arise if not done in a professional way. Education and awareness of the abortion menace should be emphasized in the contemporary society so as to reduce the number of death cases reported as a result of abortion (Bringsjord, 1997). References: Baird, M., Rosenbaum, E. (1993). The Ethics of abortion: pro-life vs. pro-choice: contemporary issues. Garden city, NY: Prometheus Books. Bender, David. (1991). Should Abortion Remain a Personal Choice? San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. Bringsjord, Selmer. (1997). Abortion: a dialogue. Garden City, NY: Hackett Publishing. Cozic, C., Stacey, T. (2000). Abortion: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press Inc. Kaczor, Christopher. (2010). The Ethics of Abortion: Womens Rights, Human Life, and the Question of Justice. New York: Taylor Francis. Rice, John. (2000). Abortion. Wheaton, IL: Sword of the Lord Publishers. Waller, Bruce. (2007). Consider Ethics: Theory, Readings, and Contemporary Issues. White Plains, NY: Longman Publishing Group. Watkins, Christine. (2005). The ethics of abortion. New York: Thomas Gale. Wenz, Peter. (1992). Abortion rights as religious freedom Ethics and action. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

The Security Systems Of Bank Solutions - 975 Words

Most organizations incorporate information technology of some kind. The most fundamental factor in the use of technology is appropriate security of the system and information that is transmitted. The confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) triad is a framework designed to protect information from being disclosed, modified, or accessed by unauthorized parties (Hansen, 2012). Using the CIA model, the security systems of Bank Solutions (BS) were evaluated with proposed recommendations and implementation timeline. Security and Technology Concerns BS’s primary vulnerability is with back-up procedures and the ability to protect and retrieve the company’s information to efficiently conduct business. They lack a comprehensive security plan and do not have an enterprise-wide process for recovering disrupted systems and networks, and are at risk for not being able to resume normal operations when issues arise. 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Key Aspects of Surrealism Inaugurated by Max Ernst Free Essays

string(60) " arranged in a setting indicated by architectonic elements\." Key Aspects of Surrealism Inaugurated by Max Ernst Amrit Johal, 301102319 FPA 111: D109 (Anna-Marie) Research Essay, Fall 2010 Max Ernst, an inventive artist and one of the pioneers of the Surrealist movement, was able to project the ideas of Surrealism to his audience in a very efficient manner. Surrealism is a discipline, which allows one to think like a child and create art that brings you to a dream-like state. Ernst was able to accomplish this by creating images one can only imagine seeing in a dream, such as his ‘Angel of Heart and Home’ series. We will write a custom essay sample on Key Aspects of Surrealism Inaugurated by Max Ernst or any similar topic only for you Order Now As well as by piecing things together which would not typically be put together (collages), such as his Oedipus Rex. Ernst’s work, Oedipus Rex(1922) and L’ange du Foyer(1937), are crucial works of art for the Surrealist movement and  inaugurated many of the important characteristics associated with Surrealist art. Surrealism Surrealism is a cultural movement and artistic style that emerged in 1924 in the hands of Andre Breton. Surrealism style uses visual imagery from the subconscious mind to create art without the intention of logical comprehensibility. Breton defines Surrealism as a â€Å"psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express – verbally, by means of the written word, or in any other manner – the actual reason, exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern† (Breton in Harrison, 2003, pg. 452). It is meant to bring the viewer to a dream like state, where a sense of freedom can be achieved, as it would in childhood. Breton said that â€Å"the mind which plunges into Surrealism relives with glowing excitement the best part of its childhood†¦[it is] childhood where everything nevertheless conspires to bring about the effective, risk-free possession of oneself† (Breton in Harrison, 2003, pg. 452). He says that it is Surrealism that gives you a second chance to be like a child, it is another opportunity. Although Surrealism, in a sense, emerged from Dada, the two practices are different in many ways. Dada took an anti-art stance, avoiding repetition and therefore the creation of a style. Although it did not seek a common style, Surrealism, however, had none of the nihilism of the earlier movement but was concerned with a redefinition of painting, with transgression rather than proscription (Rewald amp; Spies, 2005, pg. 11). Crevel describes Surrealism beautifully as being â€Å"for the mind a truly magnificent and almost unhoped for victory, to possess [a] new liberty, [a] leaping of the imagination [†¦] smashing the bars of reason’s cage, and bird that it is, obedient to the voice of the wind† (Crevel in Spalding, 1979, pg. 28). For Ernst, â€Å"the fundamental opposition between meditation and action coincides with the fundamental separation between the outer and inner worlds† (Ernst in Hofmann et al, 1973, pg. 23). It is here, Ernst believes, that the universal significance of Surrealism lies, and that no part in life is closed to it (Ernst in Hofmann et al, 1973, pg. 23). Ernst’s art showcased his fascination with Surrealism through his many great works of art including Oedipus Rex and L’ange du Foyer. Max Ernst Max Ernst was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst is considered to be one of the primary pioneers of the Dada movement and Surrealism. He was born in Bruhl, Germany. In 1909, he enrolled in the University at Bonn to study philosophy but soon abandoned these courses to pursue his interest in art. In 1913 he met Guillaume Apollinaire and Robert Delaunay and traveled to the Montparnasse Quarter in Paris, France where a gathering of artists from around the globe was taking place. In 1919 he visited Paul Klee and created his first paintings, block prints and collages, and experimented with mixed media. During World War I he served in the German army and after the war, filled with new ideas, Max Ernst, Jean Arp and social activist Alfred Grunwald, formed the Cologne, Germany Dada group. Constantly experimenting, in 1925 he invented frottage, a technique using pencil rubbings of objects. Following the outbreak of World War II, Max Ernst was detained as an enemy alien but with the assistance of the American journalist Varian Fry in Marseille, he managed to escape the country with Peggy Guggenheim. They arrived in the United States in 1941. Living in New York City, along with Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall, fellow avant-garde painters who had fled the War in Europe, Max Ernst helped inspire the use of Abstract expressionism among American painters (Camfield, 1993). Ernst turned away from the idea of the artist as creator as well as from the myth of ‘artistic talent. ’ For Ernst, the artist is only indirectly responsible for the creation of the work of art: â€Å"The old view of ‘talent’ [†¦] has been thrown out, just as the adoration of the hero [†¦] has been thrown out† (Spies, 2006, pg. 27). A sense of humor permeates his canvases and collages, none more so than in his renditions of natural phenomena. Interested in plants and in their life cycles, he permits his sense of the mythical to prevail. Trees gods, spirits and fantastic animals are everywhere in his canvases†(Stern, 2009). Oedipus Rex Oedipus Rex was one of Ernst’s first paintings in which he was able to successfully transfer the techniques of combination, assemblage and collage to large-scale painting. The picture is given the impression of a collage by the use of hard outlines and the dry appearance of the paint (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 3). Gimferrer notes that Ernst was able to expound the conception, mechanics and techniques of collage. His collages were able to sustain the principle of the union of two dissociated situations in the strictly Dadaist or Surrealist manner. This technique seems to stem from Max Ernst and is â€Å"applied to the very nucleus of consciousness [and] to the notion of personal identity† (Gimferrer, 1983, pg. 5-6). The spatial situation of Oedipus Rex is, to some extent, unclear due to the initial context of the picture. Here objects differing in scale are arranged in a setting indicated by architectonic elements. You read "Key Aspects of Surrealism Inaugurated by Max Ernst" in category "Papers" A device for marking chicks is pierced through a hand extended through a window and through the nut it is holding. The nut, which has been cracked open, resembles an eye, bringing to mind Luis Bunuel’s film Un Chien Andalou. Two birds are to be seen looking out of a hole in the stage in the foreground, prevented from withdrawing their head by palings and length of string (or halter) tied to the horns of one of them (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 23). Bischoff claims, â€Å"the desire for forbidden fruit (indicated by the hand which has reached for the nut) and curiosity (for the birds have put their head through the opening in rder to see something) are immediately punished† (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 23). Schneede, on the other hand, understands Oedipus Rex as being â€Å"held in check by a halter [†¦] and by palings. † He says that â€Å"living creatures exist [†¦] in a rigid state of suspended animation [and that] the saw cleaves no trace of cut marks behind† (Schneede, 1972, pg. 50). Moreover, Schneede agrees with Bischoff, in that the cleaved nut resembles an eye, anticipating the opening sequence of Bunuel’s film, Un Chien Andalou. There are numerous allusions to the Oedipus legend of classical antiquity, says Bischoff, a myth, which has retained its validity throughout the history of mankind, for the motifs of vision, blindness and piercing, are all present (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 23). Although there are many understandings of this work of art, it can still be difficult to understand the meaning of it to the extent the Ernst had intended. For Spies, pictures such as Oedipus Rex compel us to search in vain for some key that might help us to explain them. And that in doing so, we get no closer to the meaning. He goes on to say that â€Å"it is important to recognize that even precise knowledge of the sources Ernst made use of for his collages and paintings does not help us understand them, for he cut away and obscured the meaning of the original image in the course of making his own work† (Rewald amp; Spies, 2005, pg. 4). L’ange du Foyer Max Ernst’s L’ange du Foyer is another one of his ground breaking pieces in which a â€Å"gigantic bird-like or dragon-like creature [is] launching into a terrible jump over a plain† (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 60). The smaller secondary figure is trying to hold the monster back. The painting projects a vivid sense of danger and total destructiveness. â€Å"The monster’s violent nature is perfectly clear from its menacing claws, its fluttering garments in glowing colours, its expansive gestures, with its raised left hand making some kind of magical sign, and it’s enraged stomping in front of a low-lying horizon† (Rewald amp; Spies, 2005, pg. 28). The gesture of the outstretched arms is more expansive but does not seem so menacing, inasmuch as it does not threaten to burst the boundaries of the picture. The monster appears not to be acting so much as reacting to something. A number of details that Rewald pointed out are as follows: â€Å"On the creatures right foot in the Munich picture is a house slipper – an allusion to the title L’ange du Foyer (Fire Side Angle), whereas in the large canvas it is a horses hoof, suggesting the devil. His right hand, lacking the long claws of the other beast, still has some resemblance to human anatomy. His left arm, by contrast, appears to dissolve into vegetable forms. The fluttering drapery on this arm can be interpreted as an object: it calls to mind a blood red executioners ax. And the monster’s grimace is hideously repulsive. Thus, terror is not entirely banished from the smaller picture† (Rewald amp; Spies, 2005, pg. 29). Attached to an arm and a leg of the beast in the painting is a small, no less monstrous creature that seems more amphibian. Rewald describes the creature as having a â€Å"gaping birds beak and long frog legs,† she says that â€Å"it combines irreconcilable elements [of] air and water† (Rewald amp; Spies, 2005, pg. 29). In addition, the obviously female creature exudes a crude eroticism: her thick thighs are spread far apart, exposing a button-like sex organ. And according to Rewald, it is impossible to overlook her obscene gesture, which has infuriated the trampling beast and caused him to leap so high (Rewald amp; Spies, 2005, pg. 29). Despite the individual differences, says Bischoff, all the themes and subjects of Max Ernst’s work had a political dimension (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 57), none more so than his L’ange du Foyer. This painting consisted of three versions, called the ‘Angel of Heart and Home’ series. The ‘Angel of Heart and Home’ is an ironic title, Ernst says, for a kind of â€Å"juggernaut, which crushes and destroys all that comes in its path. That was my impression at the time of what would probably happen in the world, and I was right (about WWII)† (Ernst in Schneede, 1972, pg. 154). The monster is seen as being driven solely by an instinct for power, he represents a variety of governmental, military, and ecclesiastical authorities, crushing and killing everything that stands in his way, especially women. In 1938, Ernst gave the picture, for a time, the title ‘The Triumph of Surrealism,’ â€Å"a despairing reference to the fact that the Surrealists with their Communist ideas had been unable to do anything to resist Fascism† (Schneed, 1972, pg. 54). Ernst’s additions to Surrealism Max Ernst, a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism has, through his art, brought us to a dream-like state time and time again. Surrealism is meant to bring us to our inner child, and exercise our imaginations. In practicing this discipline, Ernst was able to eliminate the notion of artist as creator as well as the idea of ‘artistic talent. ’ Through experimentation and his skillfulness, he was able to deliver us many great works of art, including Oedipus Rex and L’ange du Foyer. Oedipus Rex was the first time Ernst was able to transfer the technique of collage to a large-scale painting, and through this work he permeated the idea that the desire for the ‘forbidden fruit’ or curiosity is, many times, immediately punished (Bischoff, 2003). With L’ange du Foyer, Ernst deliberately made a reference to war, projecting a vivid sense of danger and destructiveness. He was able to bring his ideas on war to a surreal, phantasmagorical state. Oedipus Rex(1922) and L’ange du Foyer(1937) are a couple of the most important additions to the Surrealist movement. Ernst, through these works, was able to establish many significant elements linked to Surrealism including the use of collage and bringing the audience to a dream like state with his overtly spine-chilling creations. References Bischoff, U. (2003). Max Ernst : 1891-1976 Beyond Painting. (J. Harrison, Trans. ) Koln, Germany: Taschen. Camfield, W. A. (1993). Max Ernst: Dada and the Dawn of Surrealisn. Munich: Prestel. Gimferrer, P. (1983). Max Ernst. New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc. Harrison, C. (2003). Art in Theory 1900-2000. US: Wiley-Blackwell. Hofmann, W. , Schmied, W. amp; Spies, W. (1973). Max Ernst, Inside the Sight. Houton, Texas: Institute for the Arts, Rice University. Rewald, S. , amp; Spies, W. (2005). Max Ernst : A Retrospective. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Schneede, U. M. (1972). The essential Max Ernst. (R. W. Last, Trans. ) London: Thames and Hudson. Spalding, J. J. (1979). Max Ernst: from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Jimmy Ernst. Clagary, Alberta: Glenbow Museum. Spies, W. (2006). Max Ernst: Life and Work. London: Thames and Hudson. Stern, F. (2009, January). Surrealism: The Alternate Reality. CPI. Q (Canadian Periodicals) . How to cite Key Aspects of Surrealism Inaugurated by Max Ernst, Papers